In response to these inequalities, certain groups will act deviantly in order to change their circumstances, change the social structure that engendered their circumstances, or just to “act out” against their oppressors. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Social control • Social control refers to the control of society over the individual. Merton proposed a typology of deviant behavior, a classification scheme designed to facilitate understanding. Deviant behavior can imbalance the social equilibrium but—in the process of restoring balance—society will adjust norms. According to Merton, there are five types of deviance based upon these criteria: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. Throughout the history of sociology, the concept of social control has undergone various conceptual transformations with multiple implications for sociological theory and research. According to Mannheim, social control is the sum of those methods by which a society tries to influence human behavior to maintain a given order. The first is the social strain typology developed by American sociologist Robert K. Merton. According to Mannheim, social control is the sum of those methods by which a society tries to influence human behavior to maintain a given order. Social Control: History of the Concept. Social deviance is a phenomenon that has existed in all societies with norms. Hence sociology should study social life as a whole. An example of conflict theory would be the Occupy Wall Street movement that began in the fall of 2011. Such control has been termed by sociologists as social control. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Ginsberg categorized the scope of sociology into four major branches such as social morphology, Social control, social process and social pathology. The second main sociological explanation of deviance comes from structural functionalism. Structural functionalism argues that deviant behavior plays an active, constructive role in society by ultimately helping cohere different populations within a society. Labeling theory argues that people become deviant as a result of people forcing that identity upon them and then adopting the identity. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Unless the individuals live up to the prescribed norms of conduct and unless their self-seeking impulses are subjugated to the welfare of the whole it would be quite difficult to maintain effectively the social organization. The third main sociological theory of deviance is conflict theory. Merton typology of deviance was based on two criteria: (1) a person’s motivations or adherence to cultural goals; (2) a person’s belief in how to attain her goals. In addition to clarifying the moral boundaries of society, deviant behavior can also promote social unity by creating an “us-versus-them” mentality in relation to deviant individuals. Laws are essential in strengthening social control violation of law considered a punishable offence. Any society must have harmony and order. Deviance helps to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. This is an important function that affirms the cultural values and norms of a society for the members of that society. It draws lines and demarcates boundaries. Labeling theory argues that people become deviant as a result of others forcing that identity upon them. Social Differentiation and Social Stratification; Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification; Systems of Stratification; Factors of Social Change; Rural-Urban Continuum: Meaning and Context; Socialization and Social Control. Gentle social pressure and imitation. This approach argues that deviant behavior plays an active, constructive role in society by ultimately helping to cohere different populations within a particular society. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. Pp. Four main sociological theories of deviance exist. Please cite as follows: Chriss, James J. 7. The study of social deviance is the study of the violation of cultural norms in either formal or informal contexts. • Some social control implies a system of device through which society controls the activities of individual members. In 1969, Travis Hirschi introduced a theory to criminology known as the Social Bond Theory, more recently known as the Social Control Theory (Pratt, Gau and Franklin, 2011). With changing norms in response to deviance, the deviant behavior can contribute to long-term social stability. Labeling theory allows us to understand how past behaviors of a deviant-labeled individual are reinterpreted in accordance with their label. For instance, individuals in the U.S. who sell illegal drugs have rejected the culturally acceptable means of making money, but they still share the widely accepted cultural value of making money. In short, law is an important formal means of Control to regulate the individual behavior in society. Social Control. Sociological theories of deviance are those that use social context and social pressures to explain deviance. Sociological theories of deviance are those that use social context and social pressures to explain deviance.

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