Roma settlements were broken up and the residents dispersed; Roma were required to marry non-Roma on pain of death. This English translation has been possible thanks to the PerMondo project: Free translation of website and documents for non-profit organisations. Fax: +44 (0)20 7422 4201, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples, COVID-19 Emergency relief must reach everyone, including minorities and indigenous peoples, COVID-19 Support Grants for Joint National Advocacy Campaigns. special program of compensatory education to promote educational rights They need not roam around our kingdoms together anymore like they used to, or else 60 days after the initial 60 day period, they must leave and never return to our kingdoms, Failing which if they are discovered without a profession or employer after the aforementioned timeframe, these are the possible consequences. group, but outsiders tend to regard them all as basically Gypsies. Some Roma settled in a given place, while others continued to migrate. The society which the gypsies encountered upon their first arrival is very different to that which evolved following the end of the Reconquista in Spain and the subsequent unification of the Castile and Aragon autonomous regions. Some people consider the word ‘gypsy’ to be derogatory in English. A sub-grant programme to support for CSOs in MENA, South Asia and Southeast Asia working to address the situation minorities face in the context of COVID-19. are, either in general or in Spain in particular. The supremacy of Christianity more or less ended with the peaceful coexistence of different cultures and religions (Jewish, Arabic and Christianity) which is replaced by intolerance and repression. They predominantly live a settled lifestyle, have deeper historical roots in Spain, and are usually well integrated into Spanish society. In his essay “Gitanos Extremeños” (Extremaduran Gypsies), Francisco Suárez Montaño refers to this age as, “coming together in a way that means that agricultural production has considered the imminent demand for supplying livestock resources in order to develop. In the late 1980s, the gitanos lived predominantly in southern Many Roma continue to face discrimination in education, housing, employment and healthcare, forcing them to live on the margins of society. At first they were well received and were even Actions, which tend to eliminate the obstacles preventing the equality of the gypsy community, are the following: Naturally, the dreadful results attained by the rehousing policies not only did not work to break off the marginal conditions, but even created open conflict between the communal neighbours and the groups chosen to be rehoused. ジプシー（gypsy）は、一般にはヨーロッパ（欧州）で生活している移動型民族を指す民族名。 転じて、様々な地域や団体を渡り歩く者を比喩する言葉ともなっている。ドイツ語の「ツィゴイナー（Zigeuner）」を含めて外名であり、当人らの自称ではない。 Thirdly, they will remain captive for the rest of their lives.”. Prior to this, the government’s Gypsy Development Programme has had an Education Commission carry out educational initiatives including recommendations to include elements of Roma culture in primary education curricula, to distribute Roma educational materials, and to develop intercultural mediator training programmes. That change of attitude towards gypsies goes through concrete approaches and legal means nowadays which should be accepted by the movement of solidarity citizens and the democratic political parties. They lived in freedom and not only were they accepted but the country people and villages sympathised with them and traded with them. As explained previously, the gypsy population has established their own rules to manage our coexistence and provide the basis for our collective identity and pledge to remain united as a people. But the ghettos, as a space of isolation both physically and socially, not only have they not disappeared but on the contrary they have been perpetuated through the construction of public housing, which apart from gathering the minimum needs to live in, the people living there are condemned to a life of marginalization. in the list of peoples to be assimilated or driven out. They were denied their language and rituals as well as well being excluded from public office and from guild membership. Substandard housing conditions, segregation and overcrowding, and discrimination in access to private housing remain important issues. In fact, in just 100 years between 1850 and 1950, it could be argued that gypsies were essential for the agricultural economy and as a result, for the first time, they were respected and recognised by society. These servants had more or less resigned themselves to serving the Cross and the Sword and were identified as being single things. The former, in turn, are divided The word ‘gypsy’ comes from ‘Egyptian’, because some Europeans thought they came from Egypt. With these settlements began an economic social and cultural exchange of profound importance for the gypsy community”. From 1939 to 1975 under the Franco regime, Roma were persecuted and harassed. accorded official protection by many local authorities. In contrast, the gravity of the pejorative image is the first obstacle for any gypsy to pass to be able to cope with our day to day lives. Those Roma who stopped or limited their travelling within a region mixed with the local sedentary population. sense of mystery surrounding them and their origins, and by the division Correct estimates are made difficult by the nomadic life-style To have honor, meaning to follow and obey one’s given word and loyalty to the. Their skilled craftsmanship and abilities to entertain were appreciated. There are understood to be two main historic groups of Roma in Spain, ‘gitanos’ (belonging to the Caló subgroup – living mostly in the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa) and ‘hungaros’. Some argue that they and hungaro Roma are not part of the same ethnic group, but mainstream Spanish society tends to regard all Roma as gitanos. As isolated individuals, each one of us can have any flaws other people might have, and similarly we can also have any qualities; and surely as a group we do have some flaws, but that is spoken of and written about enough for me to repeat it. Spanish Gypsies are usually divided into two main groups: gitanos Thus we find that the presence of gypsies who do not respond to stereotypes or whom do not fit the image is crucial for common society. Hence, ours consists of a culture that lacks literacy, it is oral, and as a consequence, it is passed on from one generation to another. The point is, the progress of others meant the collapse of the upper class gypsies was only just beginning. Since 1975 Spanish government policy has made efforts to address the community’s problems, providing special education programmes, welfare, and social services. A large number of Roma arrived in Spain from Romania after 2002. The gypsy language, Romani, is one of the ancient languages of the world, stemming from sanskrit which is spoken by more than fifteen million people around the world. These habits are seen as barbaric, violent and vengeful. Any plans labeled “insertion”, “integration”, “promotion”, and the likes have become ineffective since they all have a common denominator: agreeing that gypsies are objects subjected to change from an outside source, with no consideration of the most elemental human right to maintain their cultural identity and their human dignity. Minority Rights Group International (MRG) Deputy Director, Claire Thomas, writes this opinion piece for the Thomson Reuters News Foundation. Up to this point, everything that has been mentioned is from an economic point of view. All the injustice and offenses he presented in that discourse can still be applied today, possibly with new issues and elements of injustice. In this way, in the name of faith, the Catholic Monarchs and the Church used their political policy also known as the Inquisition to stand up for those who were until recently the ideological pillars of the ruling classes in Spain. These pages which you have just read about gypsies and their community might have a certain bias to them. and they were much more of a problem for Spanish authorities. were broken up and the residents dispersed; Gypsies were required to Not only did the gypsies establish themselves as livestock dealers during this critical era, but many of them were accomplished blacksmiths and so played a fundamental role in the artistic ironwork of Andalusia and other regions in Spain. Firstly, they will be whipped 100 times and banished forever from those kingdoms. Europe as early as the eleventh century. and hungaros (for Hungarians). They were much poorer than the gitanos however, when official persecution began against Moors and Jews to Despite this worrying global situation, we reaffirm our commitment to safeguarding the rights of minority and indigenous communities and implementing indivisible human rights for all. Possibly considered to be the most lively and representative of the whole of the populace, as opposed to other cultures whose maxim of creative expression stems from intellectuals of the avant-garde.

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