Alkanes have the general formula [latex] C_nH_{2n+2} [/latex] and can be subdivided into the following three groups: the linear straight-chain alkanes, branched alkanes, and cycloalkanes.Alkanes are also saturated hydrocarbons. Using this formula, we can write a molecular formula for any alkane with a given number of carbon atoms. Alkenes have the formula C n H 2n and alkynes use the formula C n H 2n-2. Let us learn in detail about Alkanes and their physical properties below. Simple alkanes exist as a homologous series, in which adjacent members differ by a CH 2 unit. Examples of Homologous series. Alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbon chains. BY reason of their formula alkanes are said to #"HAVE NO DEGREES of UNSATURATION. Alkanes are organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms and lack any other functional groups. Question. The successive members vary from each other by a CH 2 unit. There are two ways of writing a condensed structural formula.For example, butane may be written as CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 or CH 3 (CH 2) 2 CH 3. The Alkane family. Alkane:- Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are attached with each other by means of single covalent bond are called as alkanes. So, 2 n +2 = (2 × 10) + 2 = 20 + 2 = 22. Methane, propane, ethane, and butane are four alkanes. Suggested Videos in an alkane is double the number of carbon atoms, plus two. The straight chain alkanes share the same general formula: \[C_{n}H_{2n+2}\] The general formula means that the number of hydrogen atoms. Chapter 1 Alkanes 13 25 Isomers • Isomers — compounds having identical molecular formulas, but different arrangements of atoms. These are commonly known as paraffins and waxes. For example, an alkane with eight carbon atoms has the molecular formula C 8 H (2 × 8) + 2 = C 8 H 18. First member is Methane (CH 4) Also known as “Marsh gas”, chief constituent of natural gas (~97%) Hybridisation sp 3. Organic compounds having only two elements, carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. ALKANES. Formula of alkane is C n H 2n+2. • Structural Isomers — the atoms in each molecule are connected in a different order. The formula will be C 10 H 22. The general formula for an alkane is C n H 2n+2 where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Alkanes with general formula C n H 2n+2, alkenes with general formula C n H 2n and alkynes with general formula C n H 2n-2 form the most basic homologous series in organic chemistry. Collectively, they are called unsaturated hydrocarbons because they have fewer hydrogen atoms than does an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms, as is indicated in the following general formulas: Some representative alkenes—their names, structures, and physical properties—are given in Table \(\PageIndex{1}\). These are organic molecules that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms in a tree-shaped structure (acyclic or not a ring). General formula: C n H 2n+2 . Its molecules contain 6 carbon atoms. A fully saturated hydrocarbon, an alkane, has general formula #C_nH_(2n+2)#: #n =1#, methane; #n =2#, ethane; #n =3#, propane. Straight-Chain Alkanes . Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. This is because n = 10. They are divided into two main classes, aliphatic and aromatic. Hexane is an alkane. Here is a list of the first 10 alkanes. Key Takeaway. The generic formula for alkanes is C n H 2n+2, where n is the number identified by the prefix. "# Where the formula is #C_nH_(2n)# or #C_nH_(2n)O_m#, each 2 hydrogens LESS than #2n+2# represents a #"degree of unsaturation"#. By saturated hydrocarbons, it means alkanes have single hydrogen and carbon atoms in their chemical formula.

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