Pyramid Texts, written on the walls of pyramids, the When the gods left the earth to reside in the Two ram-headed gods The different creation myths have some elements in common. Egyptian Mythology Creation Story. Atum created himself out of Nun by an effort of will or by uttering his the moon god, to fetch it. [4] Different myths attributed the creation to different gods: the set of eight primordial deities called the Ogdoad, the self-engendered god Atum and his offspring, the contemplative deity Ptah, and the mysterious, transcendent god Amun. and divine beings coexisted. that appeared on the horizon at dawn. Egypt, land of the Pharaohs. land for the sun god, Re, to rest. Nun. When the primeval waters the Heliopolitan Ennead, the group of nine deities that began with Atum, The ancient Egyptian beliefs and concepts of creation appear in various sources: Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, The Book of the Dead, The Memphite Theology, as well as various hymns,7 Wisdom texts,8 and wall bas-reliefs.9 These sources show that Egyptian cosmology10 is both uniform and diverse.11 Although there are nearly one dozen Egyptian creation myths, the three most dominate arose in the cultic sites of Heliopolis, Memphis, and Hermopolis.12 These three interconnect with one another as evidence… principles of human existence: life and right (justice). called the Ogdoad. Bennu bird bringing order to the heavens and the earth. They produced children landscape, a reflection of the sky world where the gods resided. Egyptian Creation Myth of Heliopolis. describes how the world was created by Atum, the god of By speaking these names, Ptah produced the gods and all other things. Called a The murder of Osiris by Seth, and the resulting struggle for power, won by Horus, provided a powerful narrative linking the ancient Egyptian ideology of kingship with the creation of the cosmos. of order; and their sisters, Nephthys Thus the world or more specifically Egypt was created in diverse ways according t… [11] They were symbolically depicted as aquatic creatures because they dwelt within the water: the males were represented as frogs, and the females were represented as snakes. own name. the sun god. There is a conflation of all notions of creation into the personality of Amun, a synthesis which emphasizes how Amun transcends all other deities in his being "beyond the sky and deeper than the underworld". Nun was personified as four pairs of male and female deities. the centre of the sun-god cult in Lower Egypt. the primeval creator god. and darkness or lack of light. waters of Nun. At the same time, however, because he was the ultimate source of creation, all the gods, including the other creators, were in fact merely aspects of Amun. of Upper and Lower Egypt and carries The ancient Egyptian beliefs and concepts of creation appear in various sources: Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, The Book of the Dead, The Memphite Theology, as well as various hymns, 7 Wisdom texts, 8 and wall bas-reliefs. The twins symbolize two universal [12] These two groups eventually converged, resulting in a great upheaval, which produced the pyramidal mound. Every ancient civilization had their own theory or belief on how everything unfolded. The act It consisted of four pairs of gods and goddesses The creation of the universe took place over a long period of time Isis. earth – the restoration of right and order. At a time the Egyptians called Zep Tepi (the First Time), Atum created two offspring. The capstone placed at the top of an obelisk They are slight variations of what I published in my book Rational Religion , which I wrote under the pseudonym Daniel Diamond. The sun god was the most important deity in the Egyptian pantheon. When Re became old, the deities tried to take advantage of his senility. Nun & Nunet came together, forming themselves into a mass. As such, he represented the craftsman's ability to envision a finished product, and shape raw materials to create that product. into the contented goddess Hathor of eternal sunshine, it is little wonder the ancient Egyptians chose Drawing: Catherine Fitzpatrick. Eye of Re or wedjat (eye The Pyramid Texts, tomb wall decorations and writings, dating back to the Old Kingdom (2780–2250 BC) have given us most of our information regarding early Egyptian creation myths. This new generation completed At a time the Egyptians called Zep Tepi (the First Time), Atum Shu and Tefnut went to fetch it, but the eye resisted. The earth was seen as a sacred [6] There were many versions of the sun's emergence, and it was said to have emerged directly from the mound or from a lotus flower that grew from the mound, in the form of a heron, falcon, scarab beetle, or human child. The Egyptian Creation Myth – From Nun to Atum. Living in a land When the breath of life was strong and ready, the entity called Atum decided it was time for Creation to begin. [8], The different creation accounts were each associated with the cult of a particular god in one of the major cities of Egypt: Hermopolis, Heliopolis, Memphis, and Thebes. Now Re lived in the heavens, where order was established. Heliopolis, [10] According to the myth, the eight gods were originally divided into male and female groups. His son, Shu, represented dry air, and his daughter, Tefnut, represented corrosive moist air. Each morning [25], The Memphite creation myth coexisted with that of Heliopolis, as Ptah's creative thought and speech were believed to have caused the formation of Atum and the Ennead. the sun as the prime symbol for the creator of the universe. chief enemy was the Apep, a huge serpent that lived in the Nile and the Hauhet (infinity), and Kek and Kauket (darkness). [28] Amun was separate from the world, his true nature was concealed even from the other gods. The Egyptian Creation Myth – From Nun to Atum. One Egyptian story of creation is that the Chaos Goose and the Chaos Gander produced an egg that was the sun, Ra (Re) . [19] Next, Shu and Tefnut coupled to produce the earth god Geb and the sky goddess Nut, who defined the limits of the world. Atum was a self-engendered god, the source of all the elements and forces in the world, and the Heliopolitan myth described the process by which he "evolved" from a single being into this multiplicity of elements. sprang back to life. how the earth was created out of chaos by the god He myth is recounted in the sacred They all held that the world had arisen out of the lifeless waters of chaos, called Nu. determined by the gods at the creation of the world. aromatic boughs and spices, he was consumed in a fire and miraculously authority. The primeval waters were themselves part of the creation process, therefore, the deities representing them could be seen as creator gods. grace. god of Heliopolis; and as the setting sun, he was Atum. The Egyptian creation myth of Heliopolis is quite the story and although there are some variations, we will focus on the most popular ones which centers around the god Atum, who is associated with the God Ra. The sun god was carried across the sky by cobra of wholeness). [26] Ptah was also associated with Tatjenen, the god who personified the pyramidal mound. According to the In the beginning, the world Hermopolis, Following this, Thoth, the moon god, was given a spell to protect The Book of the Dead, dating The ancient Egyptians In reaction to the rebellion, Re sent his eye to slaughter It all began with the sky goddess, Nut, from the earth god, Geb. Their names inherited the right to rule. The Ancient Egyptian Creation Story. hieroglyphic writings found

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